Indica and Sativa Myth: What are the differences and do they really affect the effect and smell of cannabis?

The difference between indica and sativa is one of the most well-known topics in the cannabis world. Many people assume that indica strains have a relaxing effect, while sativa strains have a more stimulating effect. But how much truth is there really behind these assumptions? In this blog post, we'll clarify the botanical differences between indica and sativa, what they supposedly do—and whether the distinction is really that simple.

The origin of Indica and Sativa

The terms “Indica” and “Sativa” originate from botany and were used in the 18th century to classify different types of cannabis plants:

1. Cannabis Sativa – Sativa plants were first discovered and described in Europe. These plants are often tall, have narrow leaves, and tend to grow in tropical or subtropical climates.

2. Cannabis Indica – Indica plants originate from regions such as Afghanistan and India. They are typically shorter and bushier, with broad, dark green leaves, and are adapted to colder, harsher conditions.

This botanical classification mainly refers to the appearance and growth conditions of the plants – but does it really say anything about their effect or smell?

The effects of Indica and Sativa: A myth?

Traditionally it is often claimed:

• Indica has a relaxing, calming and “physical” effect, ideal for the evening and for falling asleep.
• Sativa has a stimulating, creativity-enhancing and “head-heavy” effect, perfect for the day.

This assumption has become deeply ingrained in the cannabis community, but scientific studies have shown that the effects of a cannabis strain depend much more on other factors, such as the cannabinoid and terpene profile .

What really influences the effect?

1. Cannabinoids – The main cannabinoids in cannabis are THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol). THC is responsible for the psychoactive effects, while CBD has more of a calming and anti-inflammatory effect. Cannabis strains can contain varying amounts of THC and CBD, and the ratio of these cannabinoids greatly influences the effects.

2. Terpenes – Terpenes are aromatic compounds that are responsible for the smell and, in part, the effect. Examples of terpenes include limonene (citrus and mood-enhancing) and myrcene (earthy and calming). Each cannabis strain has a unique terpene profile that contributes to its specific effect.

3. The entourage effect principle – This is the interaction of various cannabinoids and terpenes that influences the overall effect. The entourage effect means that the effects of cannabis are not due solely to THC or CBD, but rather to the combination of all active ingredients in the plant.

Indica and Sativa: Different growth characteristics

While the classification into Indica and Sativa reveals little about the effects, it is still helpful for growers. Here are some typical differences when cultivating:

• Growth habit : Indica plants are compact and bushy, while sativa plants are tall and narrow.
• Growing time : Indicas have a shorter flowering time and are therefore ready for harvest sooner—ideal for indoor grows. Sativas take longer to flower, but this can increase yields.
• Care and growing conditions : Indicas are more robust and adaptable to different climates. Sativas are more susceptible to temperature fluctuations and often require more space and light.

Indica and Sativa: Importance for smell and aroma

There are also differences in aroma, but these are more related to the terpenes than to the botanical classification of indica or sativa. Here's an overview of typical terpenes and their effects:

• Limonene (often in sativa strains): citrus scent, mood-enhancing, stimulating.
• Myrcene (often in indica strains): Earthy and musky, calming and relaxing.
• Linalool : Floral, relieves stress and promotes sleep.

The aroma and effect are therefore not directly determined by “Indica” or “Sativa”, but by the specific terpenes in the respective variety.

Conclusion: Indica and Sativa – a simplified distinction

The terms Indica and Sativa can provide a rough guide to plant characteristics, but they say little about the effect and smell of a strain. Instead of focusing on these categories, you should focus on the cannabinoid and terpene profile of a strain when purchasing, as these are more crucial for the actual effect.

Tip : Many modern cannabis strains are hybrids that combine Indica and Sativa characteristics, offering a diverse range of effects. Experiment with different profiles and find out which strains work best for you!